林肯當選美國總統 Abraham Lincoln Elected President
共和黨候選人林肯當選總統，反對奴隸制擴張，直接觸發南方各州脫離聯邦。
Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln won the presidency on an anti-slavery-expansion platform, directly triggering Southern secession.
美國南北戰爭 American Civil War
一個國家分裂成兩個敵人。620萬人死傷,奴隸制灰飛煙滅,但林肯沒活著看到和平。
A nation split in two. Six million casualties, slavery abolished, but Lincoln never saw the peace.
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戰前序曲 · 1 條事件 Prelude · 1 events
開戰 · 3 條事件 Outbreak · 3 events
邦聯成立·南方七州脫離 Confederate States of America Founded
南卡羅來納等七個南方州脫離聯邦，成立美利堅邦聯（CSA），傑佛遜·戴維斯任臨時總統。
Seven Southern states seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America, with Jefferson Davis as provisional president.
桑姆特堡戰役·戰爭爆發 Battle of Fort Sumter — War Begins
邦聯軍砲擊位於南卡羅來納州查爾斯頓港的桑姆特堡，南北戰爭正式開打。
Confederate forces bombarded Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, formally beginning the American Civil War.
美國南北戰爭 American Civil War
美國南北方為奴隸制存廢爆發內戰，北方聯邦獲勝，奴隸制廢除，美國維持統一並走向工業化。
War between Union and Confederacy over slavery; Union victory abolishes slavery and preserves national unity, accelerating industrialization.
全面爆發 · 4 條事件 Escalation · 4 events
安提塔姆戰役 Battle of Antietam
美國史上最血腥的單日戰役，傷亡 2.3 萬人。聯邦軍戰術勝利，使林肯得以發布解放奴隸宣言。
The bloodiest single day in American history with 23,000 casualties. The Union's tactical victory enabled Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
解放奴隸宣言 Emancipation Proclamation
林肯宣布所有邦聯轄區內的奴隸獲得自由，將內戰提升為解放戰爭，並阻止英法承認邦聯。
Lincoln declared all enslaved people in Confederate territory free, transforming the war into a struggle for emancipation and preventing British and French recognition of the Confederacy.
蓋茨堡戰役 Battle of Gettysburg
聯邦軍擊敗李將軍領導的南軍，是南北戰爭轉捩點。三日交戰共 5 萬傷亡。
Union forces defeated General Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, marking the war's turning point. Three days of fighting produced 50,000 casualties.
蓋茨堡演說 Gettysburg Address
林肯在蓋茨堡國家公墓的兩分鐘演說，重新定義美國價值：「民有、民治、民享之政府」。
Lincoln's two-minute speech at Gettysburg National Cemetery redefined American values: 'government of the people, by the people, for the people.'
終戰 · 3 條事件 Endgame · 3 events
阿波馬托克斯投降·戰爭結束 Appomattox Surrender — War Ends
李將軍在阿波馬托克斯郡府向格蘭特將軍投降，南北戰爭實質結束，南方失去主力。
General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Court House, effectively ending the Civil War with the South losing its main army.
林肯遇刺 Assassination of Lincoln
戰爭結束 5 天後，林肯在福特劇院觀劇時遭演員布斯槍擊身亡，成為第一位遇刺的美國總統。
Five days after the war ended, Lincoln was shot by actor John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theatre, becoming the first U.S. president to be assassinated.
第十三條修正案·廢除奴隸制 13th Amendment — Abolition of Slavery
美國憲法第十三條修正案通過，正式廢除奴隸制度。南北戰爭最重要的法律成果。
The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, formally abolishing slavery. The most important legal outcome of the Civil War.