唐朝 Tang Dynasty
唐朝是中國歷史黃金時代,長安為當時世界最大城市,詩詞藝術達到頂峰。
Tang Dynasty is China's golden age; Chang'an is the world's largest city; poetry and arts flourish.
唐朝三百年,從貞觀之治到開元盛世,中國在詩、藝術、武力上登頂。安史之亂撕裂了這個帝國,終於被一位篡位者埋葬了。
Three centuries of Tang: from Taizong's statecraft to Xuanzong's golden age, China at its cultural and military peak. The An Lushan Rebellion tore it apart; a usurper's coup ended it.
在互動時間軸上瀏覽 → Open in interactive timeline →唐朝是中國歷史黃金時代,長安為當時世界最大城市,詩詞藝術達到頂峰。
Tang Dynasty is China's golden age; Chang'an is the world's largest city; poetry and arts flourish.

李世民開創貞觀之治,唐朝進入全盛。
Li Shimin ushered in the Zhenguan golden age of the Tang dynasty.

玄奘違禁出 Chang'an,沿絲路經中亞、阿富汗到 Nalanda 學佛 17 年,攜 657 部經回,譯經千卷影響中日韓佛教。
Xuanzang journeyed via Silk Road to Nalanda for 17 years; returned with 657 sutras. Translations shaped East Asian Buddhism.

唐太宗養女嫁吐蕃 Songtsen Gampo 王,帶佛教文物、種子、工匠、典籍,奠唐藏文化交流基礎。
Tang Taizong's adopted daughter married Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo. Brought Buddhism, seeds, artisans, texts.

隋初創、唐定型,以儒家典籍為考核,平民得以入仕,世襲貴族壟斷終結,影響中國 1300 年(至 1905)。
Started in Sui, established in Tang. Confucian-classics-based exam ended hereditary aristocracy; lasted 1300 years.

從昭儀升為皇后,廢二子,自立周朝稱帝 (690-705),實際掌權 50 年,重用寒門、推佛教。
Rose from concubine to empress; founded Zhou dynasty (690-705) as only female emperor in Chinese history.

李白、杜甫、白居易等詩人輩出,唐詩達到巔峰。
Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and other great poets flourished. Peak of Chinese poetry.

李隆基誅韋后亂政後即位,開元年間 (713-741) 國力鼎盛,戶口 8000 萬達唐極盛,後期天寶縱欲埋禍根。
Li Longji took throne after Empress Wei coup; Kaiyuan era (713-741) saw 80 million population — Tang zenith.

玄宗前期重用姚崇、宋璟、張九齡為相,整頓吏治、興農、輕稅、文化繁盛,外交開放,史稱「開元盛世」。
Xuanzong's early reign with chief ministers Yao Chong, Song Jing, Zhang Jiuling. Reformed bureaucracy, taxes.
玄宗 60 歲冊封 27 歲兒媳楊玉環為貴妃,寵冠後宮,楊國忠族黨專權,安史之亂直接導火線,馬嵬驛兵變賜死。
61-year-old Xuanzong took 27-year-old daughter-in-law as concubine. Yang clan's power triggered An Lushan rebellion.

高仙芝 3 萬唐軍 vs 阿拔斯 Ziyad ibn Salih 軍,葛邏祿叛變致唐敗,中亞勢力範圍從唐轉穆斯林,造紙術西傳關鍵。
Gao Xianzhi's 30k Tang vs Abbasid Ziyad. Karluk defection caused Tang defeat; Central Asia shifted to Muslim sphere.
Talas 戰後阿拔斯遣使長安,玄宗親接,史稱「黑衣大食」(Abbasid)。長安定居穆斯林商人形成早期回教社區。
Post-Talas, Abbasid sent embassies to Chang'an. Muslim merchants settled, forming early Hui communities.

安祿山起兵反唐,洛陽長安先後陷落,玄宗逃蜀。8 年後平定,但帝國人口從 5300 萬降至 1700 萬,藩鎮割據始。
An Lushan rebelled; Luoyang and Chang'an fell. Population crashed from 53M to 17M. Era of warlord provinces began.

玄宗逃蜀途中,太子在靈武自立為肅宗。借回紇 4000 騎兵助攻,757 年收復長安洛陽,但開外族干預先例。
Crown Prince proclaimed himself Suzong at Lingwu. Borrowed 4000 Uyghur cavalry; recovered both capitals 757.

唐武宗信道教滅佛,毀 4600 寺、26 萬僧尼還俗、收寺產充國庫。漢地佛教重大打擊,後恢復但元氣大傷。
Emperor Wuzong, devout Daoist, destroyed 4,600 monasteries, defrocked 260k monks, seized properties.

私鹽販黃巢起兵 9 年,880 年破長安屠城,唐昭宗逃。雖最終失敗,徹底癱瘓中央,藩鎮朱溫終篡唐。
Salt smuggler Huang Chao rebelled 9 years; sacked Chang'an 880. Crippled central authority, paving way for Zhu Wen.

宣武節度使朱溫廢哀帝立後梁,唐 290 年國祚終,中國進入 53 年「五代十國」分裂期。
Military governor Zhu Wen deposed last Tang emperor; founded Later Liang. Tang's 290 years ended; Five Dynasties era.