Amiens 和約破·對英宣戰 Amiens Peace Breaks · War Resumes
1803/5/18 短暫和平終結，英國對法宣戰，開啟長達 12 年的拿破崙戰爭。
The brief peace of Amiens collapsed on May 18, 1803 as Britain declared war on France, starting 12 years of Napoleonic Wars.
拿破崙戰爭 Napoleonic Wars
一個科西嘉小兵加冕自己為皇帝,用砲火重組了歐洲。從 Austerlitz 的勝利到莫斯科的灰燼,他贏遍天下,直到 Leipzig 的槍聲宣告了終局。
A Corsican gunner crowned himself emperor and remade Europe with artillery. From Austerlitz's triumph to Moscow's ashes, he conquered all—until Leipzig's cannons announced the end.
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戰前序曲 · 5 條事件 Prelude · 5 events
Napoleon 加冕皇帝 Napoleon Crowned Emperor
1804/12/2 Notre-Dame 大教堂，Napoleon 從教宗 Pius VII 手中奪冠自戴，象徵對神權的優越。
In Notre-Dame on Dec 2, 1804, Napoleon seized the crown from Pope Pius VII and crowned himself, asserting secular supremacy.
特拉法加海戰·Nelson 殉國 Battle of Trafalgar
10 月 21 日 Nelson 率 27 艦於西班牙特拉法加角擊敗法西聯合艦隊 33 艦，俘 17 艘，自己無一沉沒。Nelson 中彈陣亡。英國海權確立 100 年，拿破崙入侵英倫夢碎。
On October 21, Nelson's 27 ships defeated 33 Franco-Spanish ships off Cape Trafalgar — capturing 17, losing none. Nelson was shot dead in his moment of victory. British naval supremacy was secured for a century; Napoleon's invasion plans collapsed.
Ulm 戰役·奧軍投降 Battle of Ulm
1805/10 Napoleon 包圍 Mack 奧軍於 Ulm，迫 3 萬人不戰而降，Trafalgar 前日完成。
On Oct 20, 1805, Napoleon encircled Mack's Austrian army at Ulm, forcing 30,000 to surrender—one day before Trafalgar.
相關主軸：Related axes:拿破崙Napoleon Bonaparte
Austerlitz 三皇會戰 Battle of Austerlitz
1805/12/2 Napoleon 在 Austerlitz 同時擊敗俄奧兩皇帝，戰術經典，神聖羅馬帝國次年解體。
On Dec 2, 1805 Napoleon defeated Russian and Austrian emperors simultaneously at Austerlitz—a tactical masterpiece that led to the HRE's dissolution.
開戰 · 6 條事件 Outbreak · 6 events
神聖羅馬帝國終結 End of the Holy Roman Empire
8 月 6 日神聖羅馬皇帝法蘭茲二世在拿破崙壓力下退位，千年帝國正式終結。拿破崙組萊茵邦聯取代，德意志民族主義首次抬頭。
On August 6, under Napoleon's pressure, Emperor Francis II abdicated — ending a thousand-year empire. Napoleon's Confederation of the Rhine replaced it, stirring the first wave of German nationalism.
Jena-Auerstedt·普魯士慘敗 Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
1806/10/14 Napoleon 一日擊潰普魯士軍兩路，柏林次週淪陷，Frederick 大帝的軍事遺產崩解。
On Oct 14, 1806, Napoleon annihilated two Prussian armies in a single day; Berlin fell the following week.
柏林敕令·大陸封鎖 Berlin Decree · Continental System
1806/11/21 Napoleon 在柏林頒敕令，禁歐洲大陸與英貿易，開「大陸封鎖」反制英國海權。
On Nov 21, 1806 in Berlin, Napoleon decreed the Continental System, banning European trade with Britain to counter British sea power.
Friedland·逼俄簽 Tilsit Battle of Friedland
1807/6/14 Napoleon 在 Friedland 大敗俄軍，俄皇 Alexander I 被迫數週後與法結盟。
Napoleon crushed Russian forces at Friedland on Jun 14, 1807, forcing Tsar Alexander I to ally with France weeks later at Tilsit.
相關主軸：Related axes:拿破崙Napoleon Bonaparte
Tilsit 條約·俄法結盟 Treaties of Tilsit
1807/7 Napoleon 與俄皇 Alexander I 在 Niemen 河木筏會面簽 Tilsit 條約，歐洲大陸幾乎全屬法國勢力圈。
Napoleon and Tsar Alexander I met on a raft in the Niemen on Jul 7, 1807, signing the Tilsit Treaties—continental Europe became France's sphere.
半島戰爭·西班牙游擊消耗法軍 Peninsular War
1808-1814 西葡民眾與英軍（Wellington）以游擊戰消耗法軍 30 萬人，成為 Napoleon「西班牙潰瘍」。
Spanish/Portuguese guerrillas + Wellington's British army drained 300,000 French troops (1808-14), dubbed Napoleon's 'Spanish ulcer'.
全面爆發 · 1 條事件 Escalation · 1 events
Wagram·奧地利再敗 Battle of Wagram
1809/7/6 Napoleon 在 Wagram 以 15 萬大軍對 Charles 大公的奧軍，勝後娶奧國 Marie Louise 鞏固聯姻。
At Wagram (Jul 6, 1809), Napoleon defeated Archduke Charles; he later married Austrian Marie Louise to cement the alliance.
相關主軸：Related axes:拿破崙Napoleon Bonaparte
終戰 · 7 條事件 Endgame · 7 events
Napoleon 入侵俄羅斯 French Invasion of Russia
1812/6/24 Napoleon 率 60 萬大軍「Grande Armée」跨 Niemen 河攻俄，冬季撤退損失 90%，戰略轉折點。
On Jun 24, 1812, Napoleon's 600,000-strong Grande Armée crossed the Niemen; winter retreat cost 90% of his force—the strategic turning point.
Borodino 戰役·最血腥單日 Battle of Borodino
1812/9/7 莫斯科門前決戰，俄軍 Kutuzov 雖退但阻遲法軍補給，雙方合計 7 萬傷亡，單日戰死比例最高。
On Sep 7, 1812, Kutuzov's Russians stood before Moscow; the battle cost 70,000 casualties combined—Napoleon's bloodiest single day.
莫斯科大撤退·Grande Armée 毀滅 Retreat from Moscow
Napoleon 1812/10/19 棄莫斯科，俄軍+嚴冬+游擊造成 50 萬大軍崩解，回 Niemen 僅餘 3 萬。
Napoleon abandoned Moscow on Oct 19, 1812. Cossacks, winter and hunger destroyed the Grande Armée—only ~30,000 of 500,000 returned.
Leipzig·諸國戰役 Battle of Leipzig (Battle of the Nations)
1813/10/16-19 俄奧普瑞聯軍 60 萬 vs 法軍 20 萬，Napoleon 敗退萊茵河，德意志解放。
The Battle of Leipzig (Oct 16-19, 1813) pitted 600,000 Allied vs 200,000 French; Napoleon's defeat liberated Germany.
聯軍攻入巴黎 Capture of Paris
1814/3/31 俄、普、奧聯軍在 Marmont 元帥倒戈下進入巴黎，Napoleon 在 Fontainebleau 被迫退位。
On Mar 31, 1814, Russian/Prussian/Austrian forces entered Paris (after Marmont's defection), forcing Napoleon's abdication.
Napoleon 退位·流放 Elba Napoleon Abdicates · Exiled to Elba
1814/4/11 Napoleon 在 Fontainebleau 無條件退位，流放地中海 Elba 島；Bourbon 王朝復辟。
Napoleon abdicated unconditionally at Fontainebleau on Apr 11, 1814 and was exiled to Elba; the Bourbon monarchy was restored.
滑鐵盧·拿破崙終結 Waterloo — Napoleon's Defeat
6 月 18 日拿破崙「百日」復辟期間於比利時滑鐵盧遭威靈頓與布呂歇爾聯軍擊敗,被流放聖赫勒拿島直至 1821 年病逝。維也納體系穩固 30 年。
On June 18, during Napoleon's 'Hundred Days' return, Wellington and Blücher defeated him at Waterloo in Belgium. He was exiled to St. Helena, where he died in 1821. The Vienna settlement held for 30 years.