衛氏朝鮮 Wiman Joseon
衛滿建立的朝鮮政權，後被漢朝征服
Kingdom established by Wiman, later conquered by the Han Dynasty.
東亞歷史 East Asia History
漢武帝揮軍西域，司馬遷用筆記錄歷史。兩千年後，東亞的帝國、詩人、征服者們仍在塑造這個世界。
Emperor Wu pushed west; Sima Qian put it all in writing. Two millennia of empires, poets, and conquerors that still shape the world.
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-200 – 356 · 11 條事件 -200 – 356 · 11 events
漢武帝即位 Emperor Wu of Han
開拓絲路、獨尊儒術、擊敗匈奴。漢朝全盛時期。
Opened Silk Road, promoted Confucianism, defeated Xiongnu. Peak of Han dynasty.
相關主軸：Related axes:貿易Trade中國帝王Chinese Emperor
漢朝朝貢體系起 Han Dynasty tribute system
漢武帝開通西域、設都護府，與匈奴和親。推朝貢體系：藩屬國定期遣使納貢，中國回賜更豐表「天朝」恩典。
Han Wudi opened Western Regions and protectorate; arranged Xiongnu marriages. Established tribute system: vassals sent regular envoys with tribute, receiving richer gifts back.
司馬遷《史記》 Sima Qian — Records of the Grand Historian
中國第一部紀傳體通史，被譽為「史家之絕唱」。
China's first comprehensive biographical history, praised as the supreme work of historiography.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國文學Chinese Literature
東漢 Eastern Han Dynasty
劉秀復漢，定都洛陽。
Liu Xiu restored the Han dynasty with the capital at Luoyang.
三國時代（高句麗/百濟/新羅） Three Kingdoms of Korea
朝鮮半島高句麗、百濟、新羅三國鼎立
Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla vie for control of the Korean Peninsula.
赤壁之戰 Battle of Red Cliffs
孫劉聯軍大敗曹操，三國鼎立格局確立。
Sun-Liu alliance defeated Cao Cao, solidifying the Three Kingdoms division.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國戰爭Chinese War
三國時期 Three Kingdoms
魏蜀吳三國鼎立，諸葛亮、曹操等人物成為千古傳奇。
Wei, Shu, and Wu compete for dominance; legendary figures like Zhuge Liang and Cao Cao.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國戰爭Chinese War
大和時代 Yamato Period
大和政權統一日本，天皇制度確立，佛教自朝鮮傳入。
Yamato state unifies Japan; imperial system established; Buddhism introduced from Korea.
晉朝 Jin Dynasty
晉武帝短暫統一，後分裂為五胡十六國，北方動盪。
Brief reunification under Jin Wudi, followed by fragmentation and the Sixteen Kingdoms in the north.
五胡十六國 Sixteen Kingdoms
北方五個少數民族建立十六個政權，與東晉南北對峙。
Five northern ethnic groups establish sixteen states; coexist with Eastern Jin in the south.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國戰爭Chinese War
356 – 913 · 11 條事件 356 – 913 · 11 events
南北朝 Northern & Southern Dynasties
南北對峙，佛教大興，北魏孝文帝漢化改革。
North-south division; Buddhism flourishes; Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei promotes Sinicization.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國戰爭Chinese War
隋朝 Sui Dynasty
隋文帝再次統一中國，開鑿大運河，科舉制度奠基。
Reunification of China; Grand Canal constructed; imperial examination system established.
大運河開鑿 Grand Canal Constructed
隋煬帝開鑿全長2700公里的大運河，連接南北方，促進糧食與商品流通，是世界最長的人工河道。
Emperor Yang of Sui builds the 2,700km Grand Canal connecting north and south China — the world's longest artificial waterway, facilitating grain and trade.
相關主軸：Related axes:科學技術Science & Tech中國科技Chinese Science & Tech
唐朝 Tang Dynasty
唐朝是中國歷史黃金時代，長安為當時世界最大城市，詩詞藝術達到頂峰。
Tang Dynasty is China's golden age; Chang'an is the world's largest city; poetry and arts flourish.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國帝王Chinese Emperor
唐太宗即位・貞觀之治 Emperor Taizong — Zhenguan Reign
李世民開創貞觀之治，唐朝進入全盛。
Li Shimin ushered in the Zhenguan golden age of the Tang dynasty.
相關主軸：Related axes:東方East中國帝王Chinese Emperor
大化改新 Taika Reform
日本仿效唐朝進行政治改革，建立中央集權體制
Japan reforms its government following Tang Dynasty models, centralizing power.
新羅統一朝鮮半島 Unified Silla
新羅統一朝鮮半島大部分地區
Silla unifies most of the Korean Peninsula.
唐詩黃金時代 Golden Age of Tang Poetry
李白、杜甫、白居易等詩人輩出，唐詩達到巔峰。
Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and other great poets flourished. Peak of Chinese poetry.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國文學Chinese Literature
奈良·平安時代 Nara & Heian Period
奈良建都，唐文化影響深遠；平安時代假名文字誕生，源氏物語等文學名著問世。
Nara capital built under Tang influence; Heian era sees kana script and The Tale of Genji.
安史之亂 An Lushan Rebellion
安祿山叛亂，唐朝由盛轉衰的轉折點。
An Lushan's rebellion marked the turning point of Tang dynasty from prosperity to decline.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國戰爭Chinese War
五代十國 Five Dynasties & Ten Kingdoms
唐朝滅亡後北方五朝更迭，南方十國並立，動盪分裂。
After the Tang, five dynasties succeed in the north while ten kingdoms coexist in the south.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國戰爭Chinese War
913 – 1469 · 11 條事件 913 – 1469 · 11 events
高麗王朝 Goryeo Dynasty
高麗建立，「Korea」名稱由來
Goryeo dynasty established — origin of the name 'Korea'.
宋朝 Song Dynasty
宋朝活字印刷、火藥、指南針廣泛應用，商業繁榮，是科技黃金時代。
Song Dynasty sees widespread use of movable type, gunpowder, and compass; commercial and technological golden age.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國帝王Chinese Emperor
宋·金·遼並立 Song / Jin / Liao Coexistence
南宋偏安江南，金國控北方，蒙古崛起前的三國並立局面。
Southern Song in the south, Jin in the north, and rising Mongols — three powers before Yuan unification.
武士時代 Samurai Era
鎌倉幕府建立，武士階級崛起，日本進入武家政治時代。
Kamakura shogunate established; samurai class rises; Japan enters warrior-governed era.
蒙古帝國 Mongol Empire
成吉思汗統一蒙古各部，建立史上最大的連續陸地帝國，橫跨歐亞大陸。
Genghis Khan unifies the Mongol tribes and builds the largest contiguous land empire in history, spanning from East Asia to Eastern Europe.
相關主軸：Related axes:成吉思汗Genghis Khan
元朝 Yuan Dynasty
蒙古忽必烈建立元朝，統治全中國，馬可波羅來訪，東西方交流空前。
Kublai Khan establishes Yuan; Marco Polo visits; unprecedented East-West exchange.
元寇襲來・蒙古入侵 Mongol Invasions of Japan
蒙古帝國兩次入侵日本均因颱風失敗
Mongol Empire launches two invasions of Japan, both defeated by typhoons ('kamikaze').
相關主軸：Related axes:中亞/北亞Central Asia
明朝 Ming Dynasty
明朝建立，鄭和七下西洋，萬里長城達今日形態，北京紫禁城建成。
Ming Dynasty established; Zheng He's voyages; Great Wall takes modern form; Forbidden City built.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國帝王Chinese Emperor
朝鮮王朝建立 Joseon Dynasty Founded
李成桂建立朝鮮王朝，延續五百多年
Yi Seong-gye founds the Joseon dynasty, lasting over 500 years.
鄭和下西洋 Zheng He's Voyages
鄭和率領當時世界最大的船隊七下西洋，到達非洲東岸，展現中國的航海實力，早於歐洲大航海時代半世紀。
Zheng He leads the world's largest fleet on seven voyages reaching East Africa — demonstrating China's maritime power half a century before Europe's Age of Exploration.
相關主軸：Related axes:貿易Trade中國科技Chinese Science & Tech探索·大航海Exploration · Age of Sail
訓民正音（韓文字母） Hangul Created
世宗大王創制韓文字母，為民眾識字而設計
King Sejong the Great creates the Korean alphabet Hangul.
1469 – 2026 · 75 條事件 1469 – 2026 · 75 events
《三國演義》 Romance of the Three Kingdoms
羅貫中著，中國四大名著之一。
By Luo Guanzhong. One of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國文學Chinese Literature
大肚王國 Kingdom of Middag
臺灣中部超部落聯盟，由巴布拉族與巴則海族組成，曾抵抗荷蘭與鄭氏政權，1732年遭清朝鎮壓瓦解。
A confederation of tribes in central Taiwan, resisting Dutch and Ming-Zheng rule; dissolved after Qing suppression in 1732.
葡萄牙人命名「福爾摩沙」 Named Ilha Formosa
葡萄牙航海者航經臺灣海峽，驚嘆其美景而命名「Ilha Formosa（美麗之島）」，此名沿用至今。
Portuguese sailors, passing through the Taiwan Strait, name the island 'Ilha Formosa' (Beautiful Isle), a name still used today.
江戶時代 Edo Period
德川幕府建立，鎖國政策，和平繁榮265年，浮世繪、歌舞伎等文化繁盛。
Tokugawa shogunate; sakoku isolation policy; 265 years of peace; ukiyo-e and kabuki culture flourish.
荷蘭統治時期 Dutch Rule
荷蘭東印度公司佔據臺灣西南部，建熱蘭遮城，引進農業技術與外來物種，開始系統化開發臺灣。
The Dutch East India Company occupies southwestern Taiwan, builds Fort Zeelandia, introduces agriculture and trade, systematically developing the island.
相關主軸：Related axes:台灣殖民Taiwan Colonial
西班牙佔據北臺灣 Spanish Northern Taiwan
西班牙佔領雞籠（基隆）與淡水，建聖薩爾瓦多城，1642年被荷蘭人驅逐。
Spain occupies Keelung and Tamsui, builds Fort San Salvador; expelled by the Dutch in 1642.
相關主軸：Related axes:台灣殖民Taiwan Colonial
清朝 Qing Dynasty
滿族建立清朝，康雍乾三朝鼎盛，後遭列強入侵，鴉片戰爭開啟近代屈辱史。
Manchu Qing Dynasty peaks under three emperors, then faces Western imperialism and the Opium Wars.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國帝王Chinese Emperor
康熙帝即位 Kangxi Emperor
在位 61 年，平三藩、收台灣、抗俄羅斯。清朝盛世。
Reigned 61 years. Suppressed revolts, annexed Taiwan, resisted Russia. Qing golden age.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國帝王Chinese Emperor
明鄭時期（鄭成功） Ming-Zheng Rule
鄭成功驅逐荷蘭人，在臺建立第一個漢人政權，推行屯田政策，大量漢人移民來臺。
Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong) expels the Dutch, establishes Taiwan's first Han Chinese government, and promotes Han immigration.
清治時期 Qing Rule
施琅攻台，明鄭降清。清朝統治212年，臺灣從福建省一府三縣逐步發展為獨立建省，人口大增。
Shi Lang's naval victory ends Ming-Zheng rule. Qing governs Taiwan for 212 years, eventually making it a separate province.
《紅樓夢》 Dream of the Red Chamber
曹雪芹著，中國文學最高成就之一。四大名著之一。
By Cao Xueqin. Widely regarded as the pinnacle of Chinese fiction. One of the Four Great Classical Novels.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國文學Chinese Literature
第一次鴉片戰爭 First Opium War
英國以鴉片貿易為由開戰，清朝戰敗簽訂南京條約。
Britain waged war over opium trade. Qing defeat led to Treaty of Nanjing.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國戰爭Chinese War
太平天國 Taiping Rebellion
洪秀全領導的農民起義，造成約 2000 萬人死亡。
Hong Xiuquan's peasant rebellion, one of the deadliest conflicts in history (~20M deaths).
相關主軸：Related axes:中國戰爭Chinese War
明治維新 Meiji Restoration
明治維新推行現代化改革，脫亞入歐，日本迅速崛起為亞洲強國。
Meiji Restoration modernizes Japan along Western lines, rapidly making Japan a major power.
臺灣建省 Taiwan Province Established
清法戰爭後，臺灣從福建省獨立出來成為臺灣省，劉銘傳就任首任巡撫，積極推動現代化建設。
After the Sino-French War, Taiwan becomes a separate province; Liu Mingchuan becomes its first governor and modernizes the island.
甲午戰爭 First Sino-Japanese War
清朝敗給日本，割讓台灣，東亞格局劇變。
Qing lost to Japan, ceded Taiwan. Dramatically shifted East Asian power dynamics.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國戰爭Chinese War
馬關條約·割讓臺灣 Treaty of Shimonoseki
甲午戰爭清朝戰敗，與日本簽訂馬關條約，將臺灣、澎湖割讓予日本，臺灣民主國短暫抵抗失敗。
China loses the First Sino-Japanese War and cedes Taiwan to Japan via the Treaty of Shimonoseki; the Taiwan Republic briefly resists.
日治時期 Japanese Rule
日本統治臺灣50年，推行現代化建設（鐵路、醫療、教育），也實施殖民壓迫與皇民化政策。
Japan rules Taiwan for 50 years, modernizing infrastructure (railways, medicine, education) while implementing colonial oppression and Japanization policies.
甲午戰敗·朝貢體系終 Sino-Japanese War; tribute ends
日本擊敗清朝水陸兩戰，Shimonoseki 條約迫清承認朝鮮獨立、割讓臺灣。維持 2000 年的中華朝貢體系正式終結。
Japan defeated Qing on land and sea; Shimonoseki Treaty forced Qing to recognize Korean independence and cede Taiwan. Formal end of 2000-year Chinese tribute system.
八國聯軍 Boxer Protocol / Eight-Nation Alliance
義和團運動引發八國聯軍入侵北京。
Boxer Uprising led to an eight-nation military intervention in Beijing.
相關主軸：Related axes:歐洲Europe中國戰爭Chinese War
日本吞併朝鮮 Japan Annexes Korea
朝鮮淪為日本殖民地，直到1945年
Korea becomes a Japanese colony until 1945.
外蒙古獨立 Outer Mongolia Declares Independence
外蒙古脫離清朝宣布獨立
Outer Mongolia declares independence from the Qing dynasty.
辛亥革命 Xinhai Revolution
武昌起義推翻清朝，建立中華民國。
Wuchang Uprising overthrew the Qing dynasty, establishing the Republic of China.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國戰爭Chinese War
中華民國建立 Republic of China
孫中山推翻清朝，建立中華民國，結束兩千年帝制。
Sun Yat-sen overthrows the Qing, founding the Republic of China and ending imperial rule.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國戰爭Chinese War
溥儀退位・帝制終結 Puyi Abdicates — End of Imperial China
末代皇帝溥儀退位，中國兩千年帝制結束。
Last emperor Puyi abdicated, ending 2000 years of imperial rule in China.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國帝王Chinese Emperor
魯迅《狂人日記》 Lu Xun — A Madman's Diary
中國現代文學開山之作。
The founding work of modern Chinese literature.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國文學Chinese Literature
五四運動 May Fourth Movement
五四運動推動科學與民主，是中國近代史重要轉折點。
The May Fourth Movement promotes science and democracy, a pivotal turning point in modern Chinese history.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國文學Chinese Literature
關東大震災·帝都毀 1923 Great Kantō Earthquake
1923/9/1 7.9 級地震 + 火災摧毀東京、橫濱，14 萬死；後續誤傳引發對朝鮮人的屠殺（6,000+ 死）。
On Sep 1, 1923, a M7.9 quake + firestorm devastated Tokyo/Yokohama (140k dead); false rumors led to massacres of Koreans (6,000+ killed).
蒙古人民共和國 Mongolian People's Republic
蘇聯支持下建立社會主義國家
Soviet-backed socialist state established.
霧社事件 Wushe Incident
賽德克族首領莫那魯道率族人武裝抗日，是日治時期最大規模的原住民武裝起義。
Seediq chief Mona Rudao leads an armed uprising against Japanese rule, the largest indigenous resistance during Japanese occupation.
中日戰爭（抗戰） Second Sino-Japanese War
中國抗日戰爭，二戰亞洲戰場的一部分。
China's war against Japan, part of WWII's Asian theater.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國戰爭Chinese War
諾門罕戰役·蘇日衝突 Battles of Khalkhin Gol
日本關東軍試探侵蘇蒙邊界，遭 Zhukov 元帥率蘇蒙聯軍重創，日軍 2 萬死。促成日本「南進」太平洋戰爭，避開蘇聯。
Japanese Kwantung Army tested Soviet-Mongol border; Marshal Zhukov's Soviet-Mongol force crushed them, 20k Japanese dead. Pushed Japan to 'south strike' Pacific war, avoiding USSR.
珍珠港事變 Attack on Pearl Harbor
12 月 7 日日軍偷襲夏威夷珍珠港美軍基地，擊沉多艘戰艦，隔日美國對日宣戰，正式加入二戰。
On December 7, Japanese forces surprise-attacked the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, sinking several battleships. The U.S. declared war the next day, formally entering WWII.
日本戰敗 Japan Defeated
日本在二戰中戰敗投降，隨後在美國協助下推行民主改革，創造經濟奇蹟。
Japan surrenders in WWII, then undergoes democratic reform under US guidance and achieves economic miracle.
原子彈爆炸 Atomic Bomb
美國在廣島和長崎投下原子彈，二戰結束，人類進入核武器時代。
The US drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ending WWII and ushering in the nuclear age.
廣島原子彈 Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima
美國在廣島投下原子彈，加速二戰結束
US drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima, hastening the end of World War II.
台灣光復 Retrocession of Taiwan
日本投降，台灣結束 50 年日治，回歸中華民國。
Japan surrendered. Taiwan returned to the Republic of China after 50 years of Japanese rule.
廣島長崎原子彈 Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
8 月 6 日廣島、9 日長崎先後遭美軍投下原子彈，造成 20 多萬人死亡，是人類首次也是唯一一次戰爭中動用核武。
On August 6 and 9, U.S. forces dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing over 200,000 people. The first and only wartime use of nuclear weapons.
日本投降·密蘇里號受降 Japanese Surrender
8 月 15 日昭和天皇玉音放送宣布接受波茨坦宣言，9 月 2 日在東京灣密蘇里號戰艦簽署投降書，二戰正式結束。
On August 15, Emperor Hirohito announced acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration. On September 2, Japan signed the instrument of surrender aboard USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay, ending WWII.
國共內戰 Chinese Civil War
國民黨與共產黨全面內戰。共產黨勝利，國民黨退守台灣。
Full-scale civil war between KMT and CPC. CPC victory; KMT retreated to Taiwan.
相關主軸：Related axes:中國戰爭Chinese War
二二八事件 228 Incident
1947年2月28日爆發的省民反抗國民政府事件，遭武力鎮壓，數萬人罹難，影響臺灣社會深遠。
On Feb. 28, 1947, an uprising against the KMT government is violently suppressed; tens of thousands die, leaving a deep scar on Taiwanese society.
戒嚴時期 Martial Law Period
中華民國宣布戒嚴，長達38年，是世界上持續時間最長的戒嚴之一，限制人民自由與政治活動。
Martial law lasting 38 years — one of the world's longest — restricts civil liberties and political activities.
相關主軸：Related axes:台灣殖民Taiwan Colonial
中華民國遷臺 ROC Government in Taiwan
國共內戰失利後，中華民國政府播遷臺灣，帶來大量軍民與文物，開始長期統治臺灣。
After losing the Civil War, the ROC government retreats to Taiwan, bringing large numbers of soldiers, civilians, and cultural artifacts.
中華人民共和國 People's Republic of China
中國共產黨建立的社會主義國家。
Socialist state established by the Chinese Communist Party.
朝鮮戰爭·冷戰熱戰 Korean War — Cold War hot war
北朝鮮 6/25 越過 38 度線南侵。美領聯合國軍介入、中國「抗美援朝」志願軍跨鴨綠江。3 年戰 300+ 萬死，1953 停戰至今未簽和約。
North Korea crossed 38th parallel June 25. US-led UN forces intervened; China's 'Resist America, Aid Korea' volunteers crossed Yalu. 3-year war: 3M+ dead; 1953 armistice but no peace treaty.
日本經濟奇蹟 Japan economic miracle
日本 1955-1973 高度成長期 GDP 年均 9.2%。MITI 主導產業政策、終身雇用、列島改造。1968 GDP 超越西德為世界第二。
Japan 1955-1973 high-growth era averaged 9.2% GDP annually. MITI-led industrial policy, lifetime employment, archipelago restructuring. 1968 surpassed West Germany as world's 2nd economy.
台海危機·金門八二三 Taiwan Strait crises; 8/23
中共 8/23 起對金門連續炮擊 44 日 47 萬發砲彈。美第七艦隊與台簽共同防禦條約後局勢緩和，但確立兩岸分治格局。
PRC began 44-day artillery bombardment of Kinmen Aug 23, 470k shells. US 7th Fleet and US-Taiwan Mutual Defense Treaty stabilized; established cross-strait divided governance pattern.
臺灣經濟奇蹟 Taiwan Economic Miracle
臺灣從農業經濟快速轉型為出口導向工業，成為亞洲四小龍之一，人均所得大幅提升。
Taiwan rapidly transforms from agriculture to export-oriented industry, becoming one of the Four Asian Tigers with dramatically rising living standards.
相關主軸：Related axes:科學技術Science & Tech台灣文化Taiwan Culture
東京奧運・經濟奇蹟 Tokyo Olympics・Economic Miracle
東京奧運展現日本戰後經濟奇蹟與復興
Tokyo Olympics showcases Japan's postwar economic miracle and recovery.
亞洲四小龍崛起 Four Asian Tigers rise
Hong Kong、Singapore、Taiwan、South Korea 從 1960s 採出口導向工業化，30 年內達已開發國家水平。「Asian Tigers」典範。
Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea adopted export-led industrialization from 1960s; reached developed-country status in 30 years. 'Asian Tigers' development model.
十大建設 Ten Major Construction Projects
蔣經國推動十大建設，台灣經濟起飛。
Chiang Ching-kuo launched Ten Major Construction Projects, driving Taiwan's economic takeoff.
相關主軸：Related axes:台灣文化Taiwan Culture
唐山大地震·24 萬死 1976 Tangshan Earthquake
1976/7/28 凌晨 7.5 級地震夷平唐山市，24 萬死、16 萬重傷；同年毛澤東逝世與文革結束，象徵中國動盪年代。
On Jul 28, 1976, a M7.5 quake leveled Tangshan (240k dead, 160k injured)—the same year Mao died and the Cultural Revolution ended.
鄧小平改革開放 Deng Xiaoping reforms
Deng Xiaoping 12/18 三中全會啟動改革開放。建設深圳等經濟特區、家庭聯產承包、對外開放。45 年將 8 億人脫貧、GDP 升世界第二。
Deng Xiaoping's Dec 18 3rd Plenum launched reform and opening. Built Shenzhen and other special economic zones, household responsibility system, opened to world. Lifted 800M from poverty in 45 years; GDP rose to world's 2nd.
美麗島事件 Kaohsiung Incident
民主運動人士在高雄遊行遭鎮壓，台灣民主化的重要轉折。
Pro-democracy rally in Kaohsiung was suppressed, becoming a turning point for Taiwan's democratization.
相關主軸：Related axes:台灣殖民Taiwan Colonial
新竹科學園區成立 Hsinchu Science Park Founded
台灣半導體產業基地，孕育台積電、聯電等。
Foundation of Taiwan's semiconductor industry base, incubating TSMC, UMC, etc.
相關主軸：Related axes:科學技術Science & Tech
台積電成立 TSMC Founded
張忠謀創立台灣積體電路製造公司（台積電），開創晶圓代工模式，成為全球半導體產業核心。
Morris Chang founds TSMC, pioneering the semiconductor foundry model; TSMC becomes the world's most critical chipmaker.
相關主軸：Related axes:科學技術Science & Tech台灣文化Taiwan Culture
解除戒嚴 Martial Law Lifted
蔣經國宣布解除戒嚴，臺灣開始民主化歷程，開放黨禁、報禁，走向自由民主社會。
Chiang Ching-kuo lifts martial law, beginning Taiwan's democratization: lifting bans on political parties and press freedom.
相關主軸：Related axes:台灣殖民Taiwan Colonial
蔣經國去世・李登輝繼任 Chiang Ching-kuo Dies, Lee Teng-hui Succeeds
蔣經國去世，李登輝成為首位台灣出生的總統，開啟民主轉型。
Chiang Ching-kuo died. Lee Teng-hui became the first Taiwan-born president, initiating democratic reforms.
蒙古民主化 Mongolian Democratic Revolution
和平民主革命，放棄一黨制
Peaceful democratic revolution ends one-party rule.
蒙古民主革命 Mongolian Democratic Revolution
受東歐影響和平推翻共產統治。3 月共產黨自願下台、舉行多黨選舉。經濟陣痛但成功轉型，蒙古成中亞唯一民主國。
Inspired by Eastern Europe, peacefully toppled Communist rule. March: party voluntarily stepped down; held multi-party elections. Painful transition succeeded; only Central Asian democracy.
首次總統直選 First Direct Presidential Election
臺灣舉行首次總統直接選舉，李登輝當選，是華人社會第一次民主直選總統，具有重大歷史意義。
Taiwan holds its first direct presidential election; Lee Teng-hui wins in a historic milestone for Chinese-speaking democracies.
亞洲金融風暴 Asian Financial Crisis
泰銖 7/2 與美元脫鉤崩盤，引發連鎖反應拖垮 Indonesia、South Korea、Malaysia 等貨幣與股市。IMF 紓困附條件爭議至今。
Thai baht decoupled from USD July 2 and crashed; chain reaction collapsed Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia currencies and stock markets. IMF bailout conditions remain controversial.
現代蒙古經濟發展 Mongolia's Modern Economy
礦業繁榮推動經濟成長
Mining boom drives economic growth in modern Mongolia.
第一次政黨輪替 First Party Rotation
陳水扁當選總統，國民黨首次失去政權。
Chen Shui-bian elected president. KMT lost power for the first time.
中國加入 WTO·世界工廠 China Joins WTO · World's Factory
2001/12/11 中國加入 WTO，接軌全球市場；其後 20 年成世界工廠，GDP 從第 6 升至第 2（2010 年超日本）。
On Dec 11, 2001, China joined the WTO; over the next 20 years it became the world's factory, rising from 6th to 2nd GDP (surpassing Japan in 2010).
SARS·首個 21 世紀大流行 SARS Outbreak
2002/11 廣東首例 SARS-CoV 個案，2003 擴至 29 國造成 8,096 感染、774 死；促 WHO 改革全球公衛監控。
The first SARS-CoV case emerged in Guangdong (Nov 2002); spread to 29 countries by 2003 (8,096 cases, 774 deaths), triggering WHO reforms.
朝鮮首次核試 North Korea first nuclear test
10/9 在 Punggye-ri 進行首次地下核試。國際強烈譴責、UN 安理會制裁。後續 5 次試爆至 2017 氫彈級當量。
Oct 9 first underground nuclear test at Punggye-ri. International condemnation; UN Security Council sanctions. 5 more tests through 2017 reaching hydrogen bomb yield.
台灣高鐵通車 Taiwan High Speed Rail Opens
台北至高雄 345 公里，最快 90 分鐘，南北一日生活圈。
345 km from Taipei to Kaohsiung in 90 minutes. Created a one-day commuting circle.
相關主軸：Related axes:科學技術Science & Tech
礦業大繁榮·Oyu Tolgoi Mining boom — Oyu Tolgoi
Rio Tinto 主導開發 Oyu Tolgoi 銅金礦（世界最大未開發礦藏之一）。礦業 GDP 佔比 20%+，「Mongolian Wolf」經濟一度成長 17%。
Rio Tinto-led Oyu Tolgoi copper-gold mine (one of world's largest undeveloped deposits). Mining became 20%+ GDP; 'Mongolian Wolf' economy briefly grew 17%.
東日本大震災 + Fukushima 2011 Tōhoku Earthquake · Fukushima
2011/3/11 東北外海 9.0 級地震 + 海嘯殺近 2 萬人、摧毀 Fukushima Daiichi 核電廠，成為 Chernobyl 以後最嚴重核災。
On Mar 11, 2011, a M9.0 quake + tsunami killed ~20,000 and destroyed Fukushima Daiichi NPP—the worst nuclear disaster since Chernobyl.
一帶一路倡議·新絲路 Belt and Road Initiative
2013/9/7 習近平在哈薩克宣布「絲綢之路經濟帶」，10 月海上絲路；中國主導基建+貿易，150+ 國簽署。
On Sep 7, 2013, Xi Jinping announced the Silk Road Economic Belt in Kazakhstan; with the Maritime Silk Road, 150+ countries signed on—China-led infrastructure and trade.
太陽花運動 Sunflower Student Movement
反服貿學生運動佔領立法院，影響台灣政治走向。
Anti-CSSTA student movement occupied the Legislative Yuan, reshaping Taiwan's political landscape.
第三次政黨輪替 Third Party Rotation
蔡英文當選總統，民進黨重新執政。
Tsai Ing-wen elected president. DPP returned to power.
台積電全球晶片霸主 TSMC Becomes Global Chip Leader
台積電市值超越三星，成為全球最大半導體代工廠。
TSMC surpassed Samsung to become the world's largest semiconductor foundry.
相關主軸：Related axes:科學技術Science & Tech
AUKUS 同盟·Indo-Pacific AUKUS alliance — Indo-Pacific
美 + 英 + 澳三國 9/15 宣布安全同盟。澳取核動力潛艦技術，明顯針對中國 Indo-Pacific 擴張。法國因失澳訂單抗議，召回大使。
US-UK-Australia announced security pact Sept 15. Australia gained nuclear submarine tech; clearly aimed at China's Indo-Pacific expansion. France protested loss of Australian contract, recalled ambassadors.